I think we can take the adversion of the devs for granted, so let’s see what they can be forced to do.
Software
The EU can regulate the oligopoly platforms; Google, Apple, Microsoft, Meta, etc.. The EU can require them to scan all private messages into a LLM, which is sort of like giving candy to a horde of babies that having been screaming continually for more candy for years. The EU can also force them to remove any apps with E2EE from their appstores. This includes Deltachat.
Apple and Google are already prohibiting installation of apps they don’t authorize: https://f-droid.org/en/2025/10/28/sideloading.html
They also require devs upload their private signing key, allowing them to reprogram the app and sign the dev’s name to the altered version.
And it’s pretty easy and routine to surveil these phones: Everyone knows all the apps on your phone - by peabee
Desktops that are under central control, like Windows and iOS, could also control what software you run, and backdoor it.
Hardware
You can run free and open-source software, on desktop and mobile. You just need hardware that will let you install software of your choice. Approximately zero mobiles let you choose an open-source operating system. It used to be possible to install FOSS software easily on pretty much any desktop, though the supplier would usually force you to buy a Windows license you did not want (bundling is illegal in many jurisdictions, but that isn’t enforced). This is getting harder. UEFI has a user interface which looks exactly as if it were designed to scare users away from using anything but Windows; while you can install other things, the needed options are hidden in subsub-menus behind scary warnings. And TPM makes it even harder to control your own computer. Microsoft now (very controversially) requires TPM for Windows 11, although sucessful attacks make their assertion that TPM improves security dubious at best.
So if you are buying new hardware and can afford it, buying stuff that has FOSS pre-installed helps make the market healthier. See a list of FOSS mobiles and a list of FOSS laptops, desktops, and tablets. If you need cheap, you could get a used computer that has no TPM and therefore can’t upgrade to Windows 11.
Centralized and distributed power
Perhaps more problematic is that politicians increasingly think that these autocratic central-control oligopolies are how tech should or must be. They therefore seek to co-opt the monopoly power instead of breaking it. We need them to mandate open standards and interoperability, and restore competition. If you could leave Facebook for Friendica using data portability tools like those that allowed people to leave Myspace for Facebook, Facebook would be a ghosttown. Such tools are now illegal, but we could re-legalize them, and even require a standard API, like ActivityPub.
On the plus side, there are open, federating standards built very deeply into our infrastructure. TLS is E2EE; e-mail federates; HTML and RSS and Unicode are open standards. And democracies fought monopolies before, about a century ago, and won, creating effective competition laws (now repealed). Public understanding of the problem is the first step.